Internet and Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet and Technology - Research Paper Example As such, this paper shall briefly discuss the functional and social benefits of the Internet, and then move on to elucidating its social disadvantages. In the end, this paper aims to reinforce its thesis that while the Internet has its positive social benefits, it should not be replaced with real, face-to-face social interactions. Benefits of the Internet The primary advantages of the Internet are rooted in its nature as a digital communication medium. In this regard, it can be claimed that the common benefits of the Internet may be grouped either as functional or social. There are three common functional benefits of the Internet. Firstly, the Internet allows for an easier and more comfortable access to a vast number of information second (Brey 4). As an example, through the presence of various search engines like Google and Yahoo! Search, people from all over the globe can access pertinent information about any topic in less than a second. This helps in enhancing people’s cog nitive skills. Secondly, The Internet makes it possible for people to efficiently and effectively transfer information (Brey 4). For example, with the increasing popularity of blog sites and social networking sites, almost anyone can create or disseminate online contents to their contacts or subscribers. Such maintains high level of awareness and interest on the most pressing societal issues. Lastly, the Internet facilities various communication formats among individuals from all parts of the globe. Examples of these formats include one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many communication. Through this, freedom of expression is protected and practiced by giving every user a chance to impart his or her insights on the common societal happenings. On the other hand, there are four common social benefits of the Internet. Firstly, it helps develop and maintain good social relations. This usually happens when the Internet is used as a tool of communication for those who wish to maintain th eir closeness with their loved ones. For example, Skype is bridges communication gap by ensuring real-time communication. Secondly, the Internet contributes in the community formation and social organization by uniting people with same interests and likes. For example, there are various websites that cater to ‘passion groups’ like dancers, painters, and what not. As such, it often provides a fresh new approach for individuals to build and enhance social movements. Thirdly, the Internet also assists in one’s identity formation and psychological development by helping them ‘be what they really are’. In this sense, Internet’s capacity to allow for anonymity gives more freedom to the users. Lastly, the Internet paves the way for a better understanding not only of one’s culture, but of the culture of others, too. In this regard, through the vast information that are present in the Internet, anyone can search about history and art, allowing o ne to appreciate various cultural symbols and norms. Disadvantages of the Internet The Internet also has its share of negative effects to people and societies at large. Obviously, depending on the intention of its users, the Internet may be used to destroy one’s reputation and dignity. The primary disadvantage happens when online interaction is being replaced with tangible, face-to-face relationships. For example, when a person decides to engage more in online communication rather than real communication, he will slowly develop

HR data collection Essay Example for Free

HR data collection Essay HR data collection makes company able to measure against it supporting workforce planning, monitoring progress and development, developing initiatives for generic cases. It identifies and analyses information to aid the organization in making ultimate decisions both beneficial to the organization and its employees. Two reasons considered closely. Through HR data collection an organisation can: 1) comply with legislative and regulatory requirements regarding equal opportunities, equal pay audits, recruitment, assessing skills balance, absence recording. 2) monitor training and performance for employees, assessing each individual employee for productivity and identifying training needs. That means assessing the productivity within the business. Being well informed about the workforce is the key to aim the ultimate goal of the organization. Data collection enables management team to make informed decisions about future activity. Two types of data collected and their support: 1) Attendances is useful to monitor and gauge daily working hours and monitor absences. That enables HR to manage regular absentees successful and deal with any issues the employee might have. 2) Organisational records which includes: staff turnover, absenteeism, recruitment documentation, learning and development. HR department can monitor staff level making decision about a further recruitment process. It is also essential collecting and updating employee records such as home addresses and people to contact in time of emergency. These information are helpful where the employee not to come to work without notice. Records can be stored: 1) Electronically through computerised system. In this way organization can keep information up to date easily and any information can be sent and received rapidly. It also reduce company costs and the amount of data can be stored with no taking up much office space and they can be sorted, found, moved and protected easily. 2) Manually in paper format. In this case the risk of corrupted data is less and information are accessible in any time considering occurrences of power cuts or electronic system crashes. Moreover problems with duplicates of the same record are usually avoided. Two items of UK legislation relating to recording and storing HR data: 1) Data Protection Act, 1998. It concerns all personal records whether held in paper or electronic format. The act contains eight protection principles specifying personal data must be: Processed fairly and lawfully. Obtained for specified and lawful purposes. Adequate, relevant and not excessive. Accurate and up to date. Not kept any longer than necessary. Processed in accordance with the â€Å"data subject’s† (the individual’s) rights. Securely kept. Not transferred to any other country outside the EU without adequate protection in situ. 2) Freedom of Information Act, 2000. It allows people to ask any public body for information on both any subject an organization has and themselves too. So that the act encourages organization to be transparent and, unless a valid reason, the organization must provide requested information within 20 working days. Through this act people can access to informations needed and ensure they are not exploited or used inappropriately.

Sleep and Dream :: essays research papers

Sleep and Dreams Sleep is a behavioral state characterized by little physical activity and almost no awareness of the outside world. Sleep is actually made up of two separate and distinctly different states called REM sleep (rapid eye movement) and NREM sleep (non-rapid eye movement). With NREM sleep it is further divided into stage 1-4 based on the size and the speed of the brain waves. Step one is the stage when you drift off to sleep or doze off. For example people doze off in class because you are bored and have nothing to do but listen to the teacher talk. Some parents may call it a cat nape when their kids go to sleep for about ten minutes or so. The second stage is called an intermediate stage of sleep. That is when the sleeper will gradually descend deeper into sleep, becoming more and more detached from the outside world and progressively more difficult to awaken. Stage three is the beginning of deep sleep, occurring about thirty to forty five minutes after you first fall asleep. The deepest sleep occurs in Stage four. Stage three and four has the biggest and slowest brain wave. REM sleep, a mentally active period during which dreaming occurs, provided a biological explanation for this phenomenon. Scientists found that brain activity during REM sleep begins in the pons, a structure in the brainstem, and neighboring midbrain regions. The pons sends signals to the thalamus and to the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for most thought processes. There are several myths about sleep. For one, how much sleep a person should get? According to our text book people should sleep for at least eight hours to maintain sound mental and physical health. But every one doesn’t get the chance to slee p for that amount of time. There is no normal amount of time you should sleep. Everyone is not the same. For one I might sleep for five hours and feel refreshed enough to work another shift. Other hand my cousin might need more then eight hours of sleep to feel refreshed. Another myth is that you can learn complicated things, like a new language, while you are sleep. Personally no, because the only way you can learn something is to be awake. When a person fall to sleep while listening to a cd player or tape player while they are sleeping they are not going to hear what is said when they are in a deep sleep. Sleep and Dream :: essays research papers Sleep and Dreams Sleep is a behavioral state characterized by little physical activity and almost no awareness of the outside world. Sleep is actually made up of two separate and distinctly different states called REM sleep (rapid eye movement) and NREM sleep (non-rapid eye movement). With NREM sleep it is further divided into stage 1-4 based on the size and the speed of the brain waves. Step one is the stage when you drift off to sleep or doze off. For example people doze off in class because you are bored and have nothing to do but listen to the teacher talk. Some parents may call it a cat nape when their kids go to sleep for about ten minutes or so. The second stage is called an intermediate stage of sleep. That is when the sleeper will gradually descend deeper into sleep, becoming more and more detached from the outside world and progressively more difficult to awaken. Stage three is the beginning of deep sleep, occurring about thirty to forty five minutes after you first fall asleep. The deepest sleep occurs in Stage four. Stage three and four has the biggest and slowest brain wave. REM sleep, a mentally active period during which dreaming occurs, provided a biological explanation for this phenomenon. Scientists found that brain activity during REM sleep begins in the pons, a structure in the brainstem, and neighboring midbrain regions. The pons sends signals to the thalamus and to the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for most thought processes. There are several myths about sleep. For one, how much sleep a person should get? According to our text book people should sleep for at least eight hours to maintain sound mental and physical health. But every one doesn’t get the chance to slee p for that amount of time. There is no normal amount of time you should sleep. Everyone is not the same. For one I might sleep for five hours and feel refreshed enough to work another shift. Other hand my cousin might need more then eight hours of sleep to feel refreshed. Another myth is that you can learn complicated things, like a new language, while you are sleep. Personally no, because the only way you can learn something is to be awake. When a person fall to sleep while listening to a cd player or tape player while they are sleeping they are not going to hear what is said when they are in a deep sleep.

The Rivalry Between Boeing and Airbus Essay -- Economics Airlines Airc

The Rivalry Between Boeing and Airbus The rivalry between Boeing and Airbus goes back a long way, when Boeing was by far the dominant supplier of commercial airplanes. Up until 1997, Boeing was the clear market leader on the passenger airplane market. Now the situation is less certain, as Airbus has overtaken its American competitor[1] not only in the domestic market but also in the world market, with its introduction of new models of passenger aircrafts. The main issue addressed in this article is that a 1992 U.S.-EU civilian aircraft pact allows too much European government support for Airbus, helping it sell more jetliners than Boeing, which had an 80% share in the market a decade ago. Thus the U.S. government wants the E.U. to put an end to any new subsidies provided by their government, which are aimed at protecting their aerospace industry. The market structure for the aerospace sector is oligopolistic i.e. there are few enough firms to enable barriers to entry to new firms because of various reasons such as huge capital investments and high technology. Hence, Boeing and Airbus, which are the two giants in the aerospace industry, have virtually split the market. When Airbus was first set up, it faced a lot of competition from Boeing. This civilian aircraft pact allowed the European government to take protectionist measures by providing various government subsidies to its developing high –technology industry (i.e. Airbus) so that it could compete with Boeing in the international market. The diagram below illustrates the impact of the subsidies on the quantity supplied by Airbus in the domestic market. In the diagram we assume that the world supply is perfectly elastic at Pw. Under conditions o... ... disputes and worsen trade realtionships between the U.S. and the E.U. The E.U. government was justified in providing subsidies to Airbus earlier. This is because Boeing were the clear market leaders and had established a monopoly power (i.e. Boeing was the only major industry in the aerospace sector) not only in the world market, but also in the local European market. Hence, this posed as a big threat to Airbus, since they were not able to compete in the world and local market and this could have lead to the decline of the aerospace industry of Airbus. But now, since Airbus has established itself as one of the main producers in the aerospace sector, future subsidies are not desirable for free trade. References: Essential of Economics – John Sloman http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/125726.stm [1] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/125726.stm

Answer: Ohio Art Company’s Decision Essay

Most of you did well on questions 3 and 4, so here I post only sample answers to questions 1(a) & (b) and 2: 1(a) & 1(b): Question on whether moving production to China is ethical; Question on the economic and social costs and benefits of such a move. Sample Answer (A) Note: this student earned high grades for looking at the issue from multiple perspectives, for looking at the benefits and costs to all major stakeholders, and for acknowledging that moving productions overseas is a controversial topic. Excellent use of facts to support his/her claim. 1. Whether or not Ohio Art Company’s decision to shift production offshore was ethically wrong is a controversial topic. In strictly business terms, Ohio Art Company (OAC) did not break any laws or perform an illicit act; OAC’s decision to offshore was one that had few other options – if the company did not find ways to lower production costs, the company would have eventually gone bankrupt. If production had not been moved, OAC would have been unable to lower production costs, and would therefore be unable to generate enough profits to continue business. Either way, OAC employees would have suffered job losses. Furthermore, OAC’s decision benefited shareholders, which is one element of judging an ethical decision; there are no standards that prohibit off shoring. However, OAC’s obligations to its employees are something that must be considered as well. The company, which is perceived as a family, should not just abandon its employees; it this sense , the company holds moral obligations and employment practices which complicate the question of whether outsourcing is ethical. Sample Answer (B) Note: This student combined 1(a) and 1(b) but made it perfectly clear. Again, the student considered the question of ethics from multiple perspectives, and weighed the benefits and costs to various stakeholders and clearly defined what standards (s)he adopted. 1. The question asked is the one about social responsibilities of corporations. Nevertheless, before making an ethical judgement, one has to look at the decision from at least three perspectives: economic, social and macro-level. On the one hand, it is possible to enumerate a lot of economic benefits for both the US and China. American consumers gained lower prices (an increase in wealth) and poor Chinese villagers were able to move from the impoverished countryside and start a new life in cities[1]. Furthermore, Ohia Art did not go bankrupt, which means that the company and its owners are still a source of revenue for the federal and state government. As to social costs (here the social responsibility of an employer comes into discussion), the closing of a factory resulted in the collapse of the local community. Furthermore, 100 workers lost their jobs and this number is big if we take into account that Bryan has only 8,000 inhabitants. Such a conduct of a company can be considered a violation of ethical obligations springing from the position of the company. Nevertheless, the company did not make any abrupt changes. Moving out of Bryan was gradual and most workers were probably able to find new jobs[2]. Moreover, even though the company does have social obligations, the Friedman Doctrine is at least partly relevant: a company has to seek profits in order to survive. Summing up, in order for the decision to be ethical, the company should seek profits, but also minimise social and this is what Ohio Art surely did. Question 2: Whether it is ethical for Ohio Art to continue employing Kinki Answer A Note: This student acknowledges that there are many ethical standards, not all of which lead to the same conclusion. S(he) clearly shows how the same set of facts can lead to divergent conclusions. This issue can be analysed from multiple perspectives. From the cultural relativist point of view, the fact that the Chinese authorities turn a blind eye to such practices means that the company should do the same. According to the righteous moralist perspective, the company should desist cooperating because doing so would be applying double standards. The proponents of the naà ¯ve immoralist views would claim that since the Chinese businessmen have problems with property rights or keeping the RMB undervalued, western employers should not comply with ethical standards in China. Nevertheless, since the view that human rights are undeniable rights of every human being is now widespread (judging on the number of NGOs and governments supporting such a view), it seems to be reasonable to assume that human rights are a benchmark of what constitutes business ethics. From this follows that the Ohio Art should desist cooperating with Kin Ki, because the contractor violates basic rights of th e workers as enshrined in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (e.g. the right to just and favourable remuneration). Answer B Note: Very thoughtful analysis that considers the different economic situations in different countries. Assuming that the dismal working conditions of Kin Ki employees is true, it seems unethical for Ohio Art Company to continue manufacturing with Kin Ki. Again the clear line between what is ethical and acceptable is hazy. However, Ohio Art Company secured a contract on the grounds that employment practices were acceptable, and human rights were enforced. The living conditions of Kin Ki employees are far from decent living conditions – employees are exploited, work long hours, paid below standard requirement, and live in impoverished conditions. It also seems as if labor unions are implicitly forbidden (though not formally stated). The question of â€Å"how much divergence is acceptable† between living conditions between the U.S and China still exists, however, it seems that basic human living conditions are being denied at Kin Ki. ———————– [1] In general, outsourcing seems to be a general trend of globalisation. The division of labour is one of the greatest inventions of humanity and now it is rapidly spreading into the international area. As the Ricardian model of trade predicts, the division of labour will benefit all sides in the long term [2] The other question is whether the company should provide their employees with a training so that they can find new jobs, or whether training programmes should be financed by the state as in a Dutch-Danish flexicurity model. I would say that a company having financial problems (which is the reason for outsourcing) should not be forced to incur further costs.

Whats the Deal with Improving Sentences SAT Writing Section Guide and Advice

What's the Deal with Improving Sentences SAT Writing Section Guide and Advice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There’s nothing harder than trying to figure out what someone else thinks is â€Å"the best,† and Improving Sentences asks you to do just that. Luckily, we’ve got a few tricks up our sleeve that allow you to move through these questions with confidence. In this post,we’ll look at the writing skills these questions are designed to test and how to use those skills to answer the questions correctly. Improving Sentencesquestions havea section of a sentence underlined and 4 alternatives (plus the option to keep the sentence the way it is). The instructions say that these questions â€Å"test correctness and effectiveness of expression.† This means that the sentences aren’t necessarily wrong (though they usually are), they can also just be bad or confusing. We have to find the best, rather than simply the correct, way of saying something. But the types of choices and mistakes are the same in every test, so let's talk about the most common one and how to â€Å"improve† it. #1 Issue: Conciseness, Conciseness, Conciseness Almost all Improving Sentences questions involve conciseness; even if it’s not the main problem in the question, some of the incorrect answer choices will be wordy to the point of sounding like nonsense. Just to get a feel for what we mean by this, Here are some concise sentences and their less concise evil twins: Most dinosaur nests were hidden beneath vegetation from potential predators. Most dinosaurs laid eggs in hidden nests on the ground that was extremely well protected from other dinosaurs so that they would be more unlikely to be eaten by them. You can see that all the information in the longer sentence is included in the shorter one: things can only be hidden beneath vegetation if it's on the ground, and the word â€Å"predators† means hunting animals. The phrase â€Å"hidden from...predators† can only mean that the point is to keep the eggs safe. Here’s another fun one: Because bacteria and other organisms can penetrate eggshells and decompose the contents, very few fossilized eggs found today contain any embryonic material. For the reason that the walls of eggs can be penetrated by bacteria and other small organisms that feed on organic material, the stone-like fossilized eggs people find today are usually lacking any remnants of embryos, whether intact or not. Okay, the second sentence here is a bit long even for the SAT, but it drives home the point that there is virtually no limit to the amount of irrelevant and repetitive information that can be stuffed into a sentence. And the SAT loves to push that particular envelope. The key is the information: can the same meaning be conveyed in fewer words? Below, we look at the information in the sentences above: Short Sentence Long Sentence Because For the reason that bacteria and other organisms can penetrate eggshells and decompose the contents the walls of eggs can be penetrated by bacteria and other small organisms that feed on organic material very few...contain any embryonic material are usually lacking any remnants of embryos, whether intact or not fossilized eggs found today the stone-like fossilized eggs people find today As you can see, any extra information that the second sentence offers is not relevant to the point of the sentence: the appearance of the eggs, what organisms feed on (that’s obvious from the fact that they’re eating dino eggs), and whether the embryos are intact or not. Those things don’t matter here, because the sentence is about the absence of embryonic material in the eggs. Common Problem: Repeated References to Something Another way to spot an SAT-designed bad sentence is repeated references to a person or thing, like so: The dinosaur eggs, those which had been incubated by machines, they were almost ready to hatch. Can you spot the nouns and pronouns in this sentence that refer to the same thing (the eggs)? Go ahead, we’ll wait. There are three: â€Å"eggs,† of course, â€Å"those,† and â€Å"they.† In this case, you can just take out the second two and the sentence is SAT-approved. Generally, we only need to use a pronoun when there are two things going on in the sentence: After the incubators had warmed, turned and monitored them for two months, the eggs were ready to hatch. Above, there’s the actions the incubators took in gestating the eggs, and then the statement that they are ready to hatch. That makes the two references, â€Å"eggs† and â€Å"they,† necessary. In the previous sentence, the only thing that’s happening is that they’re ready to hatch; the rest of the information is extra. Even More Common Problem: Gerunds, a.k.a. â€Å"-ing† verbs First of all, let’s get one thing straight: a gerund, or â€Å"-ing† verb, cannot by itself be the only verb in a sentence. Let’s take â€Å"feeling† as an example: Can we say â€Å"She feeling better†? No, we have to say she is feeling better. We can use it to start a sentence, like â€Å"Feeling better, she walked downstairs.† But the operative verb in this sentence is walked, not feeling. Students overuse â€Å"-ing† verbs, because they are more all-purpose than other verb conjugations. But they have limited utility in good writing, and even less utility on the SAT. (Bonus SAT vocab lesson: â€Å"utility† means usefulness.) The SAT is constantly presenting us with these kinds of sentences: The dinosaur eggs were very delicate, the reason for this being that they needed to be incubated. Then they’ll give us some alternatives to the underlined section: (A) (same as original) (B) and the reason being you have to incubate them (C) for the reason that incubation was needed by them (D) because of the fact that their incubation is necessary and vital (E) because they required incubation Strategy: How to Eliminate Carefully and Effectively The key to maneuvering successfully through the SAT is elimination. The choices are designed to overwhelm and confuse students, which is part of the reason they’re overhauling the test in 2016. This is also one of the many reasons the SAT requires preparation- the strategy of elimination is actually quite refined and powerful, if you do it correctly. So rather than point out why the right answer is right, we’re going to use the â€Å"-ing† verbs example above to give you a sample of our elimination strategy. Step 1: Which choice is the longest? Above, it’s (D), and It’s almost never the answer. You can safely eliminate it on this question type: if the others all seem blatantly wrong, then consider it. Step 2: Which is the most straightforward? Active voice is always better than passive voice: â€Å"they required incubation† is always preferable to â€Å"incubation was needed by them†- eliminate (C). The second person- †you†- is oftenwrong on the SAT, unless the writer is speaking directly to the reader. When it’s used to mean â€Å"a person,† it’s confusing, vague, and inaccurate. Eliminate (B). These steps leave us with only (A), the original, and (E), the shortest answer choice. Hopefully (E) clearly sounds better to you (see, here I’m talking directly to you, the reader, so the second person in appropriate). This strategy allows us to work through questions methodically and efficiently without losing our respective minds. It works for all the Reading and Writing questions (and some Math ones), but is especially necessary when your choices are just heaps of words with one â€Å"best† option stuck in between. If you liked this post you may like: What is a good SAT score? A bad SAT score? SAT Writing Guide Part II: Essays SAT Writing Guide Part I: Improving Paragraphs

Social Media Gaffes That Get You Fired

Social Media Gaffes That Get You Fired Jim Vassallo over at Gig.com has some cautionary tales for young workers, raised in social media’s first big heyday, who may not see how their online communication habits can affect their worklife. 1. Using Social Media At WorkUnless your title includes â€Å"social media manager† or you’re on your lunch break, you shouldn’t be posting on Facebook or Twitter or Instagram while you’re at work. If your employer finds out, it may suggest you’re not sufficiently engaged by your job and might be happier on the couch with severance instead. So, protect your account if you  must  tweet on the way to the conference room.2. Posting Photos With AlcoholThis is mostly for underage employees- no employer in their right mind could make a case banning consenting adults from having a beer- but do keep an eye out for unflattering or unprofessional photos of any kind on public social media accounts. True, you have the right to be off the clock and the righ t to drink- but you won’t want to face your office on a Monday after a photo of you passed out in a pool of tequila went viral on Facebook.3. Making Complaints About WorkThis is obvious. Take your favorite coworker out to for coffee a healthy distance away rather than tweeting through it.4. Discussing Confidential InformationRemember the hospital staffer who posted the name of Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds’s daughter? If you don’t, it’s because she was fired immediately.5. Posting About ClientsMany companies make their employees sign non-disclosure agreements; even if yours doesn’t, consider anonymous venues like  Clientsfromhell  if you really need to vent. Kvetching on social media is unprofessional, can cost your employer paying business, and even ruin your reputation for future jobs.As satisfying as it is to rant online, there’s no sense in letting it compromise your career- not when there are so many privacy settings currently avai lable for millennials with chips on their shoulders!

Reflections on Versus

Reflections on Versus Reflections on Versus Reflections on Versus By Maeve Maddox The following sentence from an editorial about a money-saving measure taken by our local county government caught my eye: Its about cost-effective verses cheap. The misspelling of versus was the eye magnet, but then I started thinking about the use of the word itself. I dont hear the word versus or see it written out very often anymore. It may still have currency among sports writers, but I dont read the sports page, so I cant say. As a legal term, versus has been in the language since the 15th century: preposition denoting action of one party against another, from L. versus turned toward or against When I was in school, versus was commonly abbreviated as vs and italicized: McCulloch vs Maryland (1819) Miranda vs Arizona (1966) Now the usual practice is to abbreviate versus as v. and not italicize it: Roe v. Wade (1973) Gregg v. Georgia (1976) When it was still being written vs, the abbreviation was read as versus. Nowadays the practice is to pronounce the v as the letter name: Gregg [VEE] Georgia (1976) By now, many younger English speakers may be unaware that the v. in the name of a court case stands for versus. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)80 Idioms with the Word TimeParataxis and Hypotaxis

Thesis Topic Effect of bullying in childhood on the future of a person Essay

Thesis Topic Effect of bullying in childhood on the future of a person - Essay Example Thus if there is a question as to if bullying behavior continues into adulthood, then from which age it continues will be question that will remain unanswered. Therefore, if any intervention is designed to change a psychosocial parameter in the school age children in order to prevent bullying behavior in the adulthood, that remains questionable since literature also suggests bullying behavior in the childhood is determined by may age-specific psychosocial parameters that can be changed. In other words, since isolation of influence of student age on the effect on bullying involvement and school climate has not been addressed in this study, this part of the bullying behavior will remain unanswered. While physical behaviors are overt, it must be remembered that relational type behaviors remain covert in school-age children. Some studies have shown that these covert behaviors are difficult to discern both by patents at home and teachers at school. Childhood relational aggressions are les s likely to be reported, while they are also bullying behaviors (Solberg and Olweus, 2003). Since prevalence of bullying in childhood is a relational determinant of the adulthood bullying behavior, accurate estimates of both are necessary to establish a relationship if there is any. Prevalence of bullying is highly dependent on the behaviors studied and how questions about bullying are framed and asked (Hawkins et al., 2005). Childhood bullying has been hypothesized to be a specific type of antisocial behavior that can yield adult antisocial personality disorder. However, there are cases of adulthood antisocial personality disorders which may have no bullying history. From the psychiatric point of view, the aggressive behavior in the childhood may continue similarly in the adulthood due to persistence of impairments of both the recognition of emotional stimuli and cognitive control of emotional behavior. Therefore, it can be argued that these problems may arise de novo in the adulthood, and if it originates in the childhood bullying is just a manifestation of this problem. The ignorance of social and environmental factors in development factors in development and continuation of bullying may turn out to be the most important fallacy in the whole proposition, and this study will fail to answer this, as to how these are related to future behavioral deviance (Mason et al., 2004). As this study shows, although there are aggression and behavioral problems in both the bully and the bully victims, there is a definite higher risk of adverse long-term psychopathologic outcomes trailing into the adulthood in cases of the bully victims. Studies have also shown that bully victim groups were more vulnerable for development of deviant behavioral problems in the adulthood. Although the findings from this study suggest that both bullying and victimization during early school years can be taken as public health signs of identification of subjects who are at risk of suffering psychiatric disorders in early adulthood, the causal relationship of both separately can be difficult to establish with the same rationale (Fekkes et al., 2004). This study cannot answer this question as to how

Refection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Refection paper - Essay Example The speaker based her presentation on life experience and the entire event was informative and identified concepts that are applicable to my real life situation (Syracuse University). The event was informative and improved my knowledge on existence of challenges from different aspects of life. It also enlightened me on different aspects of life and their roles in facilitating strength and coexistence among individuals. With the knowledge of natural and human imposed limits, the event taught me of the benefits of courage in facing challenges. A courageous heart will for example have strength to embrace difficulties and uncertainties until success is realized and therefore reduces chances of missed opportunities. The event has also taught me the concept of persistence and determination in pursuing a venture. These concepts define continued efforts in spite of possible challenges in a situation and they eliminate possibilities of losing a viable opportunity because of lost hope from frustrations. Close to the concept of persistence is the concept of perseverance that I also learnt from the unit and that facilitates success in initiatives (Syracuse University). I also learnt of the importance and significance of having a purpose in an individual’s life, of having a driving factor in a person’s life, of being spiritual and being able to maintain established potentials. A purpose establishes targets to be attained and facilitates development of strategies for attaining those targets. I have also learnt to understand purpose as an intrinsic motivator that encourages efforts towards achieving desired goals. The event also enlightened me of the need to be a motivated person in order to embrace and even overcome challenges in life. Hope, courage, and faith that are developed from spiritual aspects of life are other sources of power and strength towards managing challenges and overcoming them to achieve success (Syracuse University). The ‘30th Annual

Asses project risks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asses project risks - Assignment Example This would thus increase the cost of repairing the damages and increasing the labor cost. Furthermore, this risk is high since it is beyond the control of the project management. The second event that poses risk to the irrigation project is the delay in the delivery of the materials that will be necessary in constructing the water routes (Larson & Gray, 2011). The delay in such delivery risk bringing the project to a halt hence leading to non-achievement of the projects objective. This risk can be minimized by ensuring that reliable suppliers are contracted to deliver the materials and communications made in time. The third event that poses the risk to the project is the destruction of the plants when being planted or pruned. In such cases, the cost of purchasing additional plants or that of paying for the additional labor cost will negatively affect the project implementation. It also has the risk of delaying the completion of the project. Furthermore, destruction of the plants may lead to poor delivery of substitute plants, which are not of the same quality. The fourth event that poses risk to the irrigation project is labor disputes. In such a project, the number of persons employed is many and range from those with specialization and casual laborers (Linkov & Ramadan, 2004). Any delay in the payment of their remuneration or low rewards could make them down their tools and delay the timely completion of the project. Moreover, in the event that the equipments used in the building of the irrigation scheme is destroyed, the project could take longer periods. The cost of repairing the equipments will also increase the cost of the project hence resulting into total failure. Breakdown in the equipments could also arise when the actual digging is taking place and substandardised equipments have the potential of derailing the quality of the future construction or buildings. Spraying of the plants

International Relations of Global Environmental Change Essay

International Relations of Global Environmental Change - Essay Example It is important to understand however the problems of implementing stern policies. The consequences of these policies on environment will be highly negative and this may decrease international trade drastically. Developing world is lacking the technology to produce environmental friendly products (Matsumura, A. 2010). They are taking initiatives but it will take a lot of time for any major change. In such situation where developing world in lacking resources, the strict policies for environmental protection can cause damage to their economy and to the world as well. Reducing global trade can lead the world into a financial crunch. This is why World Trade Organization cannot take up strict policies regarding global trade. International trade needs to be encouraged in order to maintain the economic prosperity in the world. Countries like South Korea and Taiwan have an export oriented economy. If the global trade is reduced then their economy will suffer badly. Also the world cannot just ban products from the developing world because they are producing high quality cheap products. The same products cannot be produced with similar costs in the developed world.This means that the world economy will also suffer if developing countries are forced to abide by the environmental protection law. People all over the world will have to pay high costs for products and economies of developing countries will suffer as a result of strict restrictions on global trade. This is the reason why global trade cannot be curtailed over environmental concerns. ... Reducing global trade can lead the world into a financial crunch. This is why World Trade Organization cannot take up strict policies regarding global trade. International trade needs to be encouraged in order to maintain the economic prosperity in the world. Countries like South Korea and Taiwan have an export oriented economy. If the global trade is reduced then their economy will suffer badly. Also the world cannot just ban products from the developing world because they are producing high quality cheap products. The same products cannot be produced with similar costs in the developed world. This means that the world economy will also suffer if developing countries are forced to abide by the environmental protection law. People all over the world will have to pay high costs for products and economies of developing countries will suffer as a result of strict restrictions on global trade. This is the reason why global trade cannot be curtailed over environmental concerns. Also devel oping countries are not in favor of environmental protection laws. They argue that the developed world was allowed to use the methods of production and this contributed to their growth and dominance today. Now when the developing world is following in their footsteps then they are being rebuked and stopped. Environmental laws are seen by many as methods by which developed world is trying to hinder the economic growth of developing world. This is another reason why tensions exist between environmental protection and global trade. Developing world sees this as an opportunity to expand its economy while any strict environmental policies will do

The Kite Runner Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Kite Runner - Assignment Example It enables an individual reading it to get into the central character’s mind (Amir) in all of the happenings he goes through. It is almost as if the reader’s sensation is the same sentiments as Amir. The subjects used in this novel were very fascinating. They vary from interactions between family members and trustworthiness among friends to the terror war and social glitches of the epoch (Hosseini, 7). This hints me to another phase that kept me so fascinated with this novel. I learned many new things about the past and ethos of Afghanistan and its people. It was amazing to learn about the difficulties Afghans encountered during the time the Russians had control of the area. It was surprising to see the variance in social class centred on the race or diverse divisions of Islam. I knew that Sunni and Shi’a had problems but I did not know to what extent. It was fascinating to learn that Sunni and Shi’a had difficulties but I did not know to what level. There is so much history and culture in the novel revealed but still the novel has a beautiful and inspiring story (Hosseini, 8). In conclusion, the relationships between the characters in this novel are filled with so many sentiments. Every character has his/her own division and significance, which keeps the reader amused. When these divisions are organised, it makes the novel to be interesting. I have to say that my preferred portions were the sections that show the situations of war during the Taliban control. Many of the actions are filled with suspense. The parts with action in the novel made me not to stop reading it. This novel is really a page-turner and I endorse it highly to all readers in high school

International Relations of Global Environmental Change Essay

International Relations of Global Environmental Change - Essay Example It is important to understand however the problems of implementing stern policies. The consequences of these policies on environment will be highly negative and this may decrease international trade drastically. Developing world is lacking the technology to produce environmental friendly products (Matsumura, A. 2010). They are taking initiatives but it will take a lot of time for any major change. In such situation where developing world in lacking resources, the strict policies for environmental protection can cause damage to their economy and to the world as well. Reducing global trade can lead the world into a financial crunch. This is why World Trade Organization cannot take up strict policies regarding global trade. International trade needs to be encouraged in order to maintain the economic prosperity in the world. Countries like South Korea and Taiwan have an export oriented economy. If the global trade is reduced then their economy will suffer badly. Also the world cannot just ban products from the developing world because they are producing high quality cheap products. The same products cannot be produced with similar costs in the developed world.This means that the world economy will also suffer if developing countries are forced to abide by the environmental protection law. People all over the world will have to pay high costs for products and economies of developing countries will suffer as a result of strict restrictions on global trade. This is the reason why global trade cannot be curtailed over environmental concerns. ... Reducing global trade can lead the world into a financial crunch. This is why World Trade Organization cannot take up strict policies regarding global trade. International trade needs to be encouraged in order to maintain the economic prosperity in the world. Countries like South Korea and Taiwan have an export oriented economy. If the global trade is reduced then their economy will suffer badly. Also the world cannot just ban products from the developing world because they are producing high quality cheap products. The same products cannot be produced with similar costs in the developed world. This means that the world economy will also suffer if developing countries are forced to abide by the environmental protection law. People all over the world will have to pay high costs for products and economies of developing countries will suffer as a result of strict restrictions on global trade. This is the reason why global trade cannot be curtailed over environmental concerns. Also devel oping countries are not in favor of environmental protection laws. They argue that the developed world was allowed to use the methods of production and this contributed to their growth and dominance today. Now when the developing world is following in their footsteps then they are being rebuked and stopped. Environmental laws are seen by many as methods by which developed world is trying to hinder the economic growth of developing world. This is another reason why tensions exist between environmental protection and global trade. Developing world sees this as an opportunity to expand its economy while any strict environmental policies will do

Critically evaluate the management of sustainability at Barclays Essay

Critically evaluate the management of sustainability at Barclays through the triple bottom line, and critically comment on the c - Essay Example The banking industry should be responsible for proper risk management, upholding business ethics and investor protection. However, their contribution to the society and environment by way of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is important for a sustainable growth and development in the long run. Organizational culture and management According to Yeung (2011, p. 112) the bankers shall establish positive organizational culture and socially responsible mindset in the organization and demonstrate accountability and creditability by reducing risks and enhancing quality of service to customers and community through effective and efficient internal audit. Therefore, the bankers’ primary responsibilities of accountability and creditability are very important. The Salz Review is an independent review of certain Barclays’ processes, business practices and culture.   Anthony Salz who headed the Salz Review Team observed â€Å"Despite its turbulent recent history, Barclays ha s emerged from the financial crisis, somewhat against the odds, as one of the world’s leading banks. But this has been achieved at a cost. Significant failings developed in the organisation as it grew. The absence of a common purpose or common set of values has led to conduct problems, reputational damage and a loss of public trust† (Salz Review, 2013) During the period of financial crises there has been â€Å"disproportionate sharing of risk between employees and shareholders became apparent† (Salz Review, 2013, p. 163). The report has also highlighted absence of values, cultural inconsistencies, insufficiency of strong controls, focus on financial performance, but lack of focus on development of its people that led to conduct problems, breach of regulations, investigations, litigations and loss of public trust. Also, the report suggests that Barclays has to re-establish its purpose and values with customer focussed culture by reassessing its governance and risk management. The report concludes that it will need perseverance and consistency at all levels of leadership. (Ibid, p. 164) In response to this review report Barclays (2013b, p. 1) clearly stated â€Å"The Board is committed to implementing all of the recommendations and to publishing an account of our progress in doing so going forward† It should also be remembered that the review has appreciated many other positive aspects and stated that the problems faced by Barclays are also industry problems in some ways though Barclays is cautioned about taking comfort from this. Sustainable management and Social accounting Non-financial accounting and reporting developed over years have been founded on the principles of corporate accountability. The society provides capital, resources and patronage for the growth and development of the companies. Therefore, social and economic sustainability are fundamental for the stability and growth of the commercial organizations. Sustainability accounting seeks to quantify the effects of the contributions made by the companies by way of corporate social responsibility. Barclays published 2011 Citizenship Report, its environmental and social performance for the 12th year on 26 April 2012 (Barclaysa, 2013a). The highlights include ?63.5m invested in communities, 73,000 employees involved in fundraising activities and four per cent reduction in C02 emissions, achieved ahead of our 2013 target date. Corporate Social Responsibility forms the basis for sustainable managem

Cell Phones Are Dangerous Essay Example for Free

Cell Phones Are Dangerous Essay Having a cell phone in today’s society has become a regular part of life. Even I have a cell phone and I’m really not a big talker. What’s astonishing to me is kids seem to all have cell phones by the time they get into middle school. We rely on these communication devices for every aspect of our daily lives, whether for personal use or for work. To me we rely so heavily on the cell phone that it is becoming dangerous. Think to a time when you were driving down the road and came up on a slower vehicle. They were swerving within their lane, couldn’t keep a constant speed and just seemed like they were completely distracted and not paying attention to the road and the seemingly easy task of driving. You want to get by the person but every time an opportunity to do so came into view it would quickly disappear because the other driver would speed up or do something to avert your opportunity. Finally you get your chance and go around the person. You look over in an attempt to quench your curiosity and see the person is talking on their cell phone. It all makes sense now; they are paying more attention to the conversation they have going on than to their driving. Driving is a dangerous activity in itself, but when you add other distractions like talking and or texting on a cell phone, the outcomes can be anything but pleasant and lead to extensive consequences. Drivers are far more distracted while talking on a cell phone than just talking to a passenger in the car. Recently my wife and I were going to a store. I have driven this route several times and knew exactly where to turn, but because of the distraction of talking, I missed my turn. This happened with just a passenger in the car. I can only assume if I had a cell phone up to my ear, or even using a hands free device that the outcome could have been worse due to the higher level of distraction. A study at the University of Utah in 2008, led by Frank Drews, PhD, analyzed the driving performance of mostly young adult drivers paired with friends who served as conversation partners. In the cell-phone conversation condition, drivers conversation partners were at another location. In the in-car conversation condition, partners sat next to their drivers. In each of the experiments, one person was randomly selected to be the driver and the other the conversation partner. Throughout the extensive study, drivers talking by cell phone drove significantly worse than drivers talking to passengers. The cell-phone users were more likely to drift in their lane, kept a greater distance between their car and the car in front, and were four times more likely to miss their designated turn. Passenger conversation barely affected all three measures (American Psychological Association, 2008). Another study by a University of South Carolina psychology researcher provides a better understanding of why talking and listening on a cell phone interferes with visual tasks such as driving. In two different experiments, associate professor of psychology Dr. Amit Almor found that planning to speak and speaking put far more demands on the brain’s resources than listening. The study measured drivers attention levels and found people were four times more distracted while preparing to speak or speaking than when listening (University of South Carolina, 2008). This all makes sense to me, you are trying to multi-task and when you do that you are splitting your attention between two or more things, thus reducing your overall awareness. Yet, there are a lot of people that still believe they drive just fine while talking on the phone. People also believe because they use a hands-free device while talking it doesn’t affect their driving. I agree, but your still talking on the phone while driving. The National Safety Council has done extensive research studies and has stated, â€Å"drivers using hands-free phones and those using handheld phones have a tendency to â€Å"look at† but not â€Å"see† objects. These distracted drivers experience what researchers call inattention blindness. The drivers are looking out the windshield but they are not processing everything in the roadway environment† (National Safety Council, 2010). This inattention blindness causes slower reaction times, which is going to cause problems if anything unexpected happens around you. I don’t know about you, but I don’t need to read a bunch of studies to know that slower reaction times will cause you to miss things when you are driving. Since I’ve showed you how talking on the phone can be distracting, what do you think texting is going to do? Texting is the craze now, and it seems everybody is doing it. Why not, with these new smart phones that almost everybody has now days, it has become very easy to do. Even I do it on occasion, which is surprising because before I had a smart phone, if someone texted me I would just call them rather than text back. Teenagers have this texting thing mastered. I watch my teenage daughter text and ould swear she is typing 100 words per minute or more. With teens being the default experts at texting, do you think only they are irresponsible enough to text message while driving? If your answer is yes, then you are wrong. Yes, teens text, but according to an article in USA Today, â€Å"youre looking at around 10 million teen drivers, but about 180 million other adult drivers. Almost half of all adults admit to texting while driving in a survey by ATT provided to USA today, compared with 43% of teenagers. More than 98% of adults — almost all of them — admit they know its wrong† (USA Today, 2013). We know its wrong, yet we still do it. Is this setting a good example for our teens? I think we are setting them up for failure. Think about how long it takes for you to do a text and take into consideration your doing it with one hand since you need to keep on hand on the steering wheel. How long did you take your eyes off the road? Shockingly, texting drivers take their eyes off the road for each text an average of 4. seconds, which at 55 mph, means they were driving the length of a football field without looking (Davis, 2010). Yes there are a lot of excuses such as traffic was light, or I’m going slow, or I’m at a light. To me these are â€Å"just excuses†. Each time you take your focus off the road, even if just for a split second, you’re putting your life and the lives of others in danger. According to the U. S. Department of Transportation distracted driving-related crashes caused at least 5,500 deaths and nearly 450,000 injuries in 2009 (Johnson, 2013). I imagine these numbers have gone up since then with the advancement in technology and the rise in popularity of cell phones. The University of North Texas Health Science Center has looked at traffic data from the Fatality Accident Reporting System and texting data from the FCC and CTIA, and came to the conclusion that texting while driving is responsible for accidents that claimed 16,141 lives during the period of 2001 – 2007 (Chester, 2010). Common sense should tell you that texting and driving is dangerous, but plenty of people continue to do it. In an article from Psychology Today, statistics from surveys report that 97 percent of teens admit that texting while driving is dangerous, yet they still do it and 43 percent of them teens actually admitted to texting while driving. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, texting while driving makes you 23 times more likely to be in an accident. The National Safety Council says texting while driving is to blame for 1,600,000 accidents per year. The Harvard Center for Risk Analysis Study accounts 330,000 injuries per year and 11 teen deaths every day according to the Institute for Highway Safety Fatality Facts (Lohmann, 2012). If these statistics don’t scare you and make you rethink how your possible bad habits affect other people then maybe you should just turn in your drivers license and take the bus. Due to all the distractions that cell phones create and the dangers associated with this, many states have established laws on cell phone use while driving. Eleven states, Washington D. C. , Puerto Rico, Guam and the U. S.  Virgin Islands prohibit all drivers from using hand-held cell phones while driving. No state bans all cell phone use for all drivers, but thirty seven states and Washington D. C. ban all cell phone use by novice drivers, and nineteen states and Washington D. C. prohibit it for school bus drivers. Washington was the first state to pass a texting ban in 2007. Currently, forty-one states, D. C. , Puerto Rico, Guam and the U. S. Virgin Islands ban text messaging for all drivers. An additional six states prohibit text messaging by novice drivers and three states restrict school bus drivers from texting. All but four states have primary enforcement, which means an officer may cite a driver for using a hand-held cell phone without any other traffic offense taking place (Governors Highway Safety Association, 2013). You can see that the states are cracking down on cell phone use while driving and it all is in response to the related dangers and safety concerns. Texting-while-driving penalties vary wildly from state to state and range from $20 to $10,000. These are the maximum penalties when no accident has occurred. In cases where texting while driving results in damage or injury, the punishment can go up quite sharply (Gareffa, 2013). In my home state of Colorado, per Colorado Revised Statute 42-4-239, drivers younger than 18 are prohibited from using cell phones (handheld or hands-free) while driving with a few exceptions for emergencies. All drivers are prohibited from texting while driving. A person who violates these laws commits a class A traffic violation and the fines would be fifty dollars for the first offense and one hundred dollars for a second or subsequent offense (Colorado Peace Officer’s Handbook, 2013). If you don’t know what the particular laws are in your home state, I strongly urge you to research that information. Conclusion As I stated in the beginning, we all rely on cell phones way too much and this is causing us to make some bad decisions. Due to our multi-tasking society we all tend to think we can handle using the cell phone while we’re driving. The reality is we are far more distracted when we talk on the phone while driving and this causes us to lose awareness of the environment around us. With the newer smart phones of today, texting has become a part of our existence. When we try to text while driving we have to take our eyes off the road, even if only for a second or two. This behavior endangers you and anybody around you. The statistics and data presented here and that is available at other various websites should be more than enough evidence to convince you that using your cell phone while driving is a bad idea. If its not and you want to continue your current behavior then you will be responsible for the consequences. The consequences will come from your particular state laws that have been established in response to safety concerns. As I previously stated: Driving is a dangerous activity in itself, but when you add other distractions like talking and or texting on a cell phone, the outcomes can be anything but pleasant and lead to extensive consequences. I hope my words here make you think twice the next time you pick up your cell phone while driving. I know I’m not perfect and I’m guilty of talking on the cell phone while driving, but after writing this I know my behavior will be changing.

Campylobacter Infection Symptoms

Campylobacter Infection Symptoms The species Campylobacter is part of the family Campylobacteriaceae and contains 16 species. The Campylobacter spp. is one of the most common agents of bacterial gastroenteritis (campylobacteriosis) in Europe, with 1% of the European population becoming infected each year   (around nine million infections annually in the European Union (EFSA, 2011)), costing the EU economy approximately â‚ ¬2.4 billion (EFSA, 2012; Humphrey et al., 2007) whilst in the USA it costs the economy $2.9bn (Batz et al., 2011). Whilst globally is responsible for 400-500 million cases of diarrhoea yearly (9). Over 90% of all human Campylobacter infections are instigated by C. jejuni and C. coli, both of which can be found easily in the environment, wild birds, and mammals. All campylobacter species have one polar unsheathed flagellum at one or both ends of the cell except Campylobacter gracilis (which is non-motile) and Campylobacter showae (which has multiple flagella), C. jejuni is a Gram-negative, curved rod gastrointestinal pathogen that uses polar flagella for motility and is a major cause of human gastroenteritis across throughout the world. It was first identified in 1972 however specific isolation from humans and animals was not achieved until 1979 (Butzler and Skirrow, 1979; Dekeyser et al., 1972). Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of enteritis in humans and has the ability to cause significant mortality in the children of developing nations. Human infection is a result of ingestion of food sources such as meat, milk and water contaminated with C. jejunicontaminated resulting in diarrheal disease. When infected with some strains of C. jejuni the risk of developing Guillain-Barr`e syndrome(GBS) increases. Although C. jejuni is normally a gut colonizer, there has been some strains found to be have hypervirulent sites and so may be able to move across intestinal epithelium, creating bacteraemia and systemic infections (13). As well as being a foodborne illness, C. jejuni also has the ability to be a primary etiological agent for ruminant abortion (14). Recently, it has been reported that there is some forms of an antibiotic resistance developing as well as a the development of a hypervirulent clone of C. jejuni in the United States (15). The mechanism by which C. jejuni causes human infection and survives within the host isnt fully understood, although it is believed to be a multifactorial process involving motility, attachment, colonisation, toxin production and invasion (Bolton, 2015; Wassenaar and Blaser, 1999). The Campylobacter species are of a particular research interest as they consistently cause the highest number of confirmed foodborne bacterial infections in developed countries. Symptoms of infection: After exposure to C. jejuni, the bacterium firstly colonises the lower intestinal tract (ileum, jejunum, and colon) usually without causing any symptoms. In the majority of symptomatic cases, campylobacteriosis is a self-limiting disease and will present as 1-3 days of prodromal symptoms with leukocytes, fever, vomiting, and headaches followed by 3-7 days of watery or bloody diarrhoea with abdominal pain. There is a lot of variation in the severity of the illness, it can range from a mild case of the disease to dehydration that could require hospitalisation. Recently it has been thought Campylobacter enteritis could be a risk factor for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (Garcia Rodriguez et al., 2006). Diagnosis is made with direct or enriched culturing of stool samples or rectal swabs on selective media containing blood under microaerobic conditions at 42-C. C. jejuni−infected individuals may be treated with antibiotics such as erythromycin or ciprofloxacin, however it is rarely needed (Allos, 2001; Blaser, 1990). Best treatment includes fluid replacement. The effectiveness of the pathogen is dependent on the immune status of the host as well as the virulence characteristics of the Campylobacter strain. In a minority of individuals Campylobacter infection is a precursor of more serious illness, including immunoreactive complications such as Guillian-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and Millere Fisher Syndrome (MFS), a chronic and potentially fatal form of paralysis (EFSA, 2011).

Tupac Shakur :: Art

Tupac Shakur Tupac Shakur, in my thoughts, is the best rapper there is. Tupac Amaru Shakur was born on June 16, 1971. He was born in New York. Tupac Amaru are Inca words. Tupac Amaru means a "shining serpent." Shakur means "thankful to God," and that came from the Arabic language. When Tupac was 12 years old, his first performance was a play "A Raisin in the Sun." In that play Tupac played Travis. In June of 1986, Tupac’s family moved to Baltimore from New York. That is where Tupac wrote his first rap. 3 months later Tupac attended Baltimore School for the arts. That is where he studied ballet and acting. About two years later Tupac moves west of the United States to Marin City, California. He moved in with a neighbor and then he began to sell drugs. In 1990 Tupac joins Digital Underground a record label where he was a dancer and a rapper. At the beginning of 1991 Tupac makes his album debut on his new label Digital Underground. In November of 91 2Pacalypse Now was released. Shortly after his 2Pacalypse release. Tupac charged a lawsuit of 10 million against an Oakland Police for brutality after being arrested for jaywalking. On January 17, 1992 Tupac makes his first movie appearance in Ernest Dickenson’s Juice, where he played a betrayal role of Bishop. On September 22nd, Vice President Dan Quayle accused that Tupac’s 2Pacalypse Now "has no place in our society." Next year on February 1, 1993 Tupac came out with another album. Once it was released it went platinum. It went platinum on April 19, 1995 along with 2Pacalypse Now but that went gold only. On July 23, 1993 Tupac makes his second movie appearance on John Singleton’s Poetic Justice. Just before filming the movie Janet makes 2Pac take an HIV test before kissing him in any scenes. On Halloween of 93’ 2Pac gets arrested for shooting two-off duty police officers from Atalanta. 2Pac said that he was harassed as a black motorist. The charges were dropped. During the end of November 94’ while 2Pac is on trial for sex and weapons he was robbed $40,000 of jewelery and was shot five times. The $40,000 worth of jewelery was stolen in a recording studio in Times Square. The robbers had stole 2Pac’s $30,000 diamond ring and $10,000 of gold chains. They left his diamond-encrusted gold Rolex. Tupac Shakur :: Art Tupac Shakur Tupac Shakur, in my thoughts, is the best rapper there is. Tupac Amaru Shakur was born on June 16, 1971. He was born in New York. Tupac Amaru are Inca words. Tupac Amaru means a "shining serpent." Shakur means "thankful to God," and that came from the Arabic language. When Tupac was 12 years old, his first performance was a play "A Raisin in the Sun." In that play Tupac played Travis. In June of 1986, Tupac’s family moved to Baltimore from New York. That is where Tupac wrote his first rap. 3 months later Tupac attended Baltimore School for the arts. That is where he studied ballet and acting. About two years later Tupac moves west of the United States to Marin City, California. He moved in with a neighbor and then he began to sell drugs. In 1990 Tupac joins Digital Underground a record label where he was a dancer and a rapper. At the beginning of 1991 Tupac makes his album debut on his new label Digital Underground. In November of 91 2Pacalypse Now was released. Shortly after his 2Pacalypse release. Tupac charged a lawsuit of 10 million against an Oakland Police for brutality after being arrested for jaywalking. On January 17, 1992 Tupac makes his first movie appearance in Ernest Dickenson’s Juice, where he played a betrayal role of Bishop. On September 22nd, Vice President Dan Quayle accused that Tupac’s 2Pacalypse Now "has no place in our society." Next year on February 1, 1993 Tupac came out with another album. Once it was released it went platinum. It went platinum on April 19, 1995 along with 2Pacalypse Now but that went gold only. On July 23, 1993 Tupac makes his second movie appearance on John Singleton’s Poetic Justice. Just before filming the movie Janet makes 2Pac take an HIV test before kissing him in any scenes. On Halloween of 93’ 2Pac gets arrested for shooting two-off duty police officers from Atalanta. 2Pac said that he was harassed as a black motorist. The charges were dropped. During the end of November 94’ while 2Pac is on trial for sex and weapons he was robbed $40,000 of jewelery and was shot five times. The $40,000 worth of jewelery was stolen in a recording studio in Times Square. The robbers had stole 2Pac’s $30,000 diamond ring and $10,000 of gold chains. They left his diamond-encrusted gold Rolex.

Bilingual Education Act Essay -- Bilingual Education, languages, fore

Bilingual education is defined as involving the use of two languages as media of intrusions (May, 2008). It is an educational process that aims to promote and â€Å"maintain longer-term student bilingualism and bi-literacy, adding another language to, but not subtracting from the student’s existing language repertoire† (May, 2008, p. 19-20). Simply, bilingual education is the use of more than one language to deliver curriculum content. Bilingual education Act (BEA) was enacted into law in 1968 by President Lyndon B. Johnson as part of the War on Poverty. The policy expressed U.S. commitment to the needs of the growing number of children in the public schools whose first language was not English (Petrzela, 2010). This commitment was articulated as President Johnson signed the bill into law: Thousands of children of Latin descent, young Indians, and others will get a better start— better chance—in school. . . .We are now giving every child in America a better chance to touch his outermost limits. . . . We have begun a campaign to unlock the full potential of every boy and girl—regardless of his race, or his religion, or his father’s income. (Sanchez, 1973) Bilingual education policy is political activity replete with historical, social, cultural, and economic contexts (Crawford, 2000; Tolleson & Tsui, 2004). It is linked to legislation, court decisions, and executive actions. (Gandara & Gomez, 2009). The BEA came at an exceptional period of domestic upheaval, demographic transformation, and on the heel of the civil right movement. The Act created a channel to provide states and local education districts with funds, personnel assistance, and other incentives for the development of bilingual education program. Purpose of... ...on helped direct large sums of federal money into education for space research, and language programs. The Soviet launching of Sputniks seemed to overshadow race, religion, state rights and other issues that had blocked previous attempts (Forrest & Kinser, 2002). One of the great accomplishment of the time was the passage the National Defense Education Act, 1958 (NDEA). This act provided aid to both public and private schools at all levels to advance the areas of science, math, and modern foreign languages. The act also provided aid to English as a Second Language programs. According to Forrest and Kinser: The importance of the NDEA rests not on its specific provisions, but on its psychological breakthrough. For the first time in nearly a century, the federal government displayed interest in the quality of education that public and private provided. (p. 240)

Advantages and disadvantages of religion definition Essay

Identify and Briefly explain one advantage and two disadvantages of Functional definitions of Religion. (9 marks). One disadvantage of Functionalism in defining religion is that Conservative force states that it’s difficult to see how religion can be functioning to socialise society’s members into morality and social integration if only a minority of people attend church on a regular bases. Durkheim used the idea of Totems being able to bring ‘clans’ together and that the society used this totem as a way of worshipping togetherness. However, only a small amount of aboriginal groups were used, so it could be invalid and misleading to use this to generalise all aborigines let alone Religion as a whole. An advantage of functional definitions of religion is through the example of collective worship within a country of civil religion to show that there is still collective worship. For example, America’s new collection of beliefs, rituals and symbols with respect to things esablished within American’s society, it’s not opposed to Christianily and in fact shares a lot in common with it but is not in any extent Christian. This allows the bringing together of nations and allows the symbolisation of the nation as the ‘people’, so therefore people in America worsip Americanism. Anotheer criticism of functional definition of religion is that it ignores dysfunctional aspects and gives little consideration to hostility between different religious groups. For example, Northan Ireland and Bosnia. These religious diversions have caused social disruption and conflict rather than promoting social order which Durkheim says is maintained by the teaching of moral norms and values and creating a collective conscience where everyone sticks together. Therefore this is proven false on the aspect of it being relevant to all religions due to the religious conflict in Ireland and Bosnia.

Rene Descartes six meditations Distinction of Self from the Body Essay

Rene Descartes was a French Mathematician and a modern Philosopher who developed an original philosophy based on sciences aimed at being stable and likely to last. His method was based upon premises of senses, reason, doubt and belief. Like most philosophers his quest was for Truth and knowledge. However the nature of Truth and knowledge remains debatable among philosophers to this day. It is worth noting that a contemporary modern philosopher said at the beginning of the 21st century, the beginning of ‘ Information Age ‘ , â€Å" Study of philosophy is now reduced to the study of language. We are distinct from our bodies ! Since the advent of human civilization many men have preoccupied themselves with philosophical thoughts of the distinction of self from the body. These metaphysical ideas , sometimes ontological, lie on the borderline of religious theology and philosophy. With discoveries in the field of physical sciences like Einstein’s ‘ Relativity ‘ the human conception of space, matter, time and forces has become clearer. This has further fuelled interest in the field of philosophical investigation of the relationships between mind, matter and the supernatural. This activity is a commonplace past time of the educated and curious. The scientific and methodological study of any branch of knowledge involves the formulation of – Thesis, Hypothesis and Anti – Thesis. Every Thesis has an Anti–Thesis. Is the self distinct from the body ? The senses are deceptive! What we see is spurious. Our memory deceives us. Hence a Truth that can be established is that nothing is certain. Hence it can be assumed for the time being that our senses and bodies are not true. We are probably distinct from our bodies. Rationality is questionable ! Man is known as a ‘ rational animal’. But the idea of rationality and the distinction between a man and an animal are debatable. Man certainly has to face an obvious ‘ identity crisis’ if material knowledge is to be trusted. The idea of a soul distinguishes self from the body ! All phenomena can’t be explained by sense-perception, thinking and physical bodies. They have to be attributed to a super-natural phenomena , ‘ the soul’. If the self is to be distinct from the body it could be in the form of the soul. The power of self-movement, sensation and thought as according to the judgment of Rene Descartes are foreign to the nature of body. These conclusions are based on Descartes philosophical experiments with himself using the faculty of his mind. He uses his mind to probe the co-relation between subjectivity, objectivity and their distinctness from body. This method has been Descartes most powerful tool and which makes him unique in the family of modern philosophers. The awakening during sleep is an experiment. Descartes argues that when asleep he has perceived through senses many things he can’t perceive through senses while awake. These are once again Descartes experiments with himself. Descartes is careful nough to recollect his thoughts and experiences for the object of philosophical study. ‘Thinking’ is separate from ‘being’. Descartes uses his imagination to conclude that he might exist separate from his body as a source of ‘thinking’. In his legendary famous statement he once declared , â€Å" I think therefore I am. â€Å" Human mind and judgment are prone to error . Hence the truth has to be away from the Human mind and body. Descartes reached a conclusion that there does exist a God. God is perfect in his judgment because his mind is infinite. This is obviously not true with human beings. Hence their judgment is subject to errors and faults. There is also a philosophical method of reaching the Truth by elimination of errors. Considering the belief that their does exist a Universal Truth away from the limitations of the human body it is reasonable concluding that we are distinct from our bodies. The existence of God is an irrefutable evidence ! Thesis that there does exist a God strengthens the concept of distinction of self from the body. It would be contradictory associating God to a body; God, Descartes assumed is infinite. Also, the idea of life after death in the form of soul which is the belief of literally every religious heology strengthens the belief that we are distinct from our body. Rene Descartes experimented with the mind ! Descartes claims in ‘ The Fourth Meditation’ that he has trained his mind to separate from his senses and dwell only in the intellect. The result were observations and conclusions that he was totally separate from matter. Descartes uses his ability at philosophical meditations, the popular method of study and research by a philosopher. The Human Will Descartes concludes extends beyond the bodies. With the human will, many philosophers believe it is possible to meditate and separate the consciousness rom the body. Modern Science refutes distinction of body from mind thesis. Descartes himself was once a scientist before he took to philosophical pursuits. A scientist, for example a Doctor would immediately rubbish the claims of the separation of self from the body citing encyclopedias of scientific evidence. Carl Jung’s Experiment nulls the idea of a soul. This famous Psychologist conducted an experiment and concluded that there is no soul ! The distinction between self and body is not recognized by modern psychology books. Philosophical methods might be fallacious. Philosophers employ methods based n speculations and subjectivity. These might be inaccurate and also subject to a difference of opinion even amongst philosophers. Whereas science is based on empirical experiments which no one can challenge once accepted and established. There is a self – concept in the science of Psychology. The self concept has an aura of mysticism associated with it. No one can see, feel or touch the self concept. It is reduced to ‘I’ and ‘me ‘ from the common sense point of view by nearly all domains of knowledge. Popularly the psychologists associate the self concept , the I – Self, with the ndividual and his states of mind – Conscious, subconscious and the unconscious. Body- Ego concept can be an evidence of self and body singularity. The genesis of mental structure advocated by Hartmann, Kris and Loewenstein advocate an ego state known as the Body Ego. They suggest with impressive arguments that the ego and the id should be conceived the result of an undifferentiated state. Conclusion : The embodied self – concept generates a tension. The stream of consciousness can be believed to be located within the boundaries of a creature. The self ( its memories, eliefs and traits ) might not located within the boundaries of the creature. Our intuition equates ourselves with our consciousness. A point to be noted is that there is a dualism not only between mind and body but also between consciousness and mind ! The ancient scholarly philosophical debate ‘ Self is distinct from the body ’ is a challenging interdisciplinary study. However, the philosophy student is best equipped to handle it. The debate seems to have no end. That is what makes a debate an interesting academic field of study. Philosophers and philosophy students have to be cautious that in their xuberance they do not unwittingly clash with scientific evidence or infringe with cherished religious and theological beliefs. The society punished Galileo because he was ahead in time than the people. The times have changed remarkably. These days society is more tolerant to new ideas. Even blasphemy against Jesus doesn’t shock the West anymore. Recent headlines of a popular newspaper says that the church has forgiven Beatles for claiming they were more popular than Jesus. Philosophers and philosophy students can play a timely role in all ages. The clear message is that they need not ostracize themselves from the society.

Individual Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Individual Case Study Analysis - Essay Example The case study reflects the impact of the cultural difference between the employees of JET. The report has been prepared for understanding the key issues of the organization and focus on analysing the reasons behind these issues. It will highlight the impact of linguistic barrier and cultural differences within the organization. The different situations where the difference in the nature of thinking and the social values resulted in creation of distance between the employees of different nationality have been discussed in this study. Finally, recommendations to the organizations for solving the recent issues and improving its performance have been concluded in the report. 2. Introduction In this case study, the difference in the values of the Japanese and the Americans has been clearly shown The Japanese were formal and reserved. On the other hand, the American were informal and self assertive in nature. In case of accepting assignments in the foreign countries (as expatriates), it i s very important to consider the personality, psychology and cultural differences. ... This case study reflected the clashes which took place as a result of differences in the personality, values, psychology, culture and also lack in the orientation and training programs. It highlighted the factors which should have been considered by Kelly before planning to accept the offer. 3. Analysis and Issues Kelly found that the Japanese were too much devoted towards their work and were satisfied in working for extra time during the weekends and coming to office during the weekends. According to Kelly, the employees should make proper use of the vacation time provided to them in the job contract. Kelly noticed that none of the Japanese women have been promoted to a senior level in the Board of Education. The only women found to be working there were the young secretaries or office ladies. Mr. Higashi, who was the supervisor of the foreign participants of JET, had a tendency of arranging projects as well as other conferences and cancelling them without informing to the Assistant Language Trainers about the cancellation of such projects and conferences. In a similar manner, he arranged for special assignment during the holiday without providing prior information to the ALT’s. These were the key issues where the foreigners had to suffer because of the cultural differences. Moreover, as these foreigners could not speak the Japanese language properly, communication with them was very difficult. Moreover, the Japanese considered these foreign employees to be less committed towards their work as they never stayed in the office after the completion of the working hour at 5.00 p.m. on the weekdays and never worked during the weekends. The ALT’s had stated it clearly that there were vacation days mentioned in the job contract and they will utilise these

Business Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Business Final exam - Essay Example For example with the development of the recent accusations against AB sugar, there is a need to strategize. Strategizing will involve analyzing the eight business environments in which the company operates. Here we analyze the people who are the end users of the product or the people we do business. Their identities, consumption behaviors, habits, needs and even their situation in life. The company AB sugar deals with a complex customer environment that includes other businesses, the government, groups, and even the individual himself (Albrecht, p6). All these people represent AB sugar’s patrons. Analysis of the consumer environment may be demographically in terms of gender, age, and their buying habits. How health conscious are they and what is their attitude towards institutions and companies like AB sugar (Albrecht, p5). Here the issue of the customer also comes up. Whom are we competing? We should aim at identifying their weaknesses, their current and previous behaviors and get to know their motives. Interaction between the potential competitor and the customer you are both aiming to do business with is an issue to look at. What are the products they are bringing into the market (Albrecht, p6)? For example, the players, in this case may be other companies in the same line of business, sugar, and who may be influencing the customer to do less business with you (Albrecht, p6). The economic environment is complex and volatile. In this case, we look mainly at the market itself. What are the latest trends, prices, and even costs? What is the market dynamics generally? AB sugar needs to be up to date with the changes taking place in the market in order to identify changes it may benefit from or those it needs to change for it to benefit (Albrecht, p6-p7). What are the new technologies developed, what are the trends in technology for example in production or marketing or what are

No topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

No topic - Research Paper Example â€Å"Doctrine of conditioned genesis â€Å"articulates that nothing appears independently in the actual sense but rather everything links to the other in different perspectives. Understanding this doctrine proves essential in pursuing liberation, in that someone refers to the basics that everything appears in a cycle (interdependently), whereby everything occurs because of a cause and triggers effect (Montalvo 51). The doctrine operates on a conditionality principle, usually given in four statements, that shows the interconnection in life. This principle gains further elaboration via twelve aspects, whereby each triggers effect in the other and thus explaining the idea about relativity. Lao Tsu poses logical answers to political questions that many leaders and persons display in their living via his poems. Lao Tsu expounds that running of the best country would occur when the leader lays his trust upon the citizens (Tzu & Tom 11). This would then explain that the citizens withhold love for their leader opposed to fearing. Lao also articulates that leaders constituted in the best countries instill freedom upon people rather than posing restrictions unto them or being dishonest. Lao further states that countries should exhibit peaceful relations with each other and evade wars at all possible ways unless it proves inevitable (Tzu & Tom 15). However, in case of wars, Lao dictates that countries should never undertake arms, but if inevitable, should utilize them with

Doctor Negligence Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doctor Negligence - Case Study Example The doctor should have checked the man's workplace conditions, his habits and other proclivities. A more detailed and in-depth examination would have revealed the cause. The doctor's perfunctory approach resulted in the man ultimately suffering heart attack. There are cases where even after all standard examinations patients have had heart problems. The blood can clot without notice, block blood circulation in the heart and trigger heart attacks (Sardi, Bill). Heuristics is the "rule-of-the-thumb" analysis. Other than the standard examination, doctors apply their minds to other causes responsible for ailments like heart attacks. It is possible to apply heuristics in criminology as well. The study of criminology is not limited to law enforcement agencies alone. The medical line must also go into the social and mental causes of the crime (Zalman, Marvin; 1981) In this case, although the patient had fever and was experiencing discomfort, the doctor could not find the cause for the fever. The next day the patient suffered severe infection on the side of the body the doctor did not examine. Maybe the doctor was tired and called it a day. Even then, in medical parlance, this is medical malpractice. The doctor could be legally taken to task for this lapse (Doctor Negligence, 2010) Doctors as well as criminologists need to be open to all options.

Whether the assumption that Stokes made would affect the Article

Whether the assumption that Stokes made would affect the Incompressible fluid equations - Article Example This volume is known as the control volume. The equation is applied on a number of fluids. These are the Compressible Newtonian fluids, incompressible Newtonian fluids and Non-Newtonian fluids (Gresho 414). These equations are the benchmark for viscous fluids and are derived by relating the Law of Motion by Newton to a fluid. It is important to note the aspects of the Compressible, Incompressible, and Non-Newtonian fluids. The definition of compressibility is important in understanding what compressible fluids are. Compressibility refers to the decline in volume of the fluid because of outside forces exerted on it. It is imperative to note that, there are three basic assumptions that guide the application of these derivative functions to a number of fluids. The derivative function is shown below Application of the above assumptions will lead to a generic equation that has a number of elements. Important elements to note are two distinct proportionality constants that categorically denote that stress is determined linearly by stress rates. These constants are viscosity and the second coefficient of viscosity. The value of the second coefficient of viscosity generates a viscous stimulus that leads to volume change. However, the value is hard to ascertain in compressible fluids and is habitually negligible. It is stipulated that almost all fluids can be compressible to a certain extent. That is, variations in temperature and/or pressure will lead to variations in density. The influence of outside pressure will force a compressible fluid to diminish its volume. In this regard, the numerical extent of compressibility is denoted as the relative variation in volume of the fluid due to change in pressure. Gases are greatly compressible as opposed to fluids. There are two types of c ompressibility. Adiabatic compressibility refers to

Importance of Technical & Vocational Institution Essay Example for Free

Importance of Technical Vocational Institution Essay This research attempts to investigate the importance of technical vocational institution. This research is also carried out to find out the various methods objective of research. What is the expectation to fulfil the requirement of being indusrtialized nation?. Well, having the existence of technical vocational institution are mainly to produce hands on skills on students as well as to develop them to become a part of industrialized nation. In developing our country , technical vocational school has come to existence to give students opportunity to choose skills that can be learned. This research is carried out to find out the advantages of having technical vocational institution in Malaysia. Besides that, this research to investigate the effectiveness of having this kind of school in our country and ways to improve vocational technical education system. 1. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH This research is carried out to provide awareness of the existence of technical and vocational institution as well as to introduce the importances of this institution. Nowadays, we are facing problem that this kind of institution is out of date and is lacking systematically and also having doubts whether it is meeting the current industrial needs in the country. Therefore, this research is carried out to introduce and emphasized on the importance of this institution. The background of this research is based on its development. The formal technical and vocational education system under the Ministry of Education starts at the upper secondary level, where there are 70 secondary vocational schools with an enrolment of 33,751 students and nine secondary technical schools having a total 5,339 students. The secondary vocational schools offer a course structure that covers the same core subjects as in other upper secondary academic schools. In addition to these core subjects, the vocational school students select a group of vocational subjects in accordance with the vocational course following. Vocational studies make up about 50 percent of the total course content in the secondary vocational school. Based in nature and technical subjects offered are less practical in nature. Technical studies make up only about 17 per cent of the total course content in the secondary technical school. At the post-secondary level there are six polytechnics with a student population of 15, 000 with about 12,000 students undergoing courses at the certificate level and 3,000 students at the diploma level. The objective of the polytechnics is to produce trained manpower at the semi-profesional level in various areas of engineering and commerce. At the certificate level about 80 percent of the students are following engineering courses. Female students make up about 25 percent of the total student population. Some examples of training government agencies are MARA- skills training institutes Ministry of Youth and Sport – Youth Training Centres and Ministry of Welfare Services- Training Centres. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Statement of problems: 1. It shows that lately technical vocational institution is out of date. 2. Students mainly are not aware of the avantages of technical vocational institution. 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This researh method to meet the following objectives: * To investigate the importances of technical vocational institution. * To find out ways to improve tecnical vocational education system. 1. 4 RESEARCH QUESTION The following research question is translated in order to meet the research objective. * Which is the importance of technical vocational institution?. * What is the implication to students on the importance of having technical vocational institution?. 1. 5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of the study is to help students and teacher to indentify the importance of having technical vocational institutons. Vocational and technical education is important because not everyone should be expected to take the path of going to a university and getting a university degree. Some people prefer to take a non-academic path because this is where their passion and interests lies. As such, having a good vocational and technical training and education program is important to ensure that students who are inclined towards these sectors have a respectable channel to pursue skills in this area. In Malaysia, making the pursuit of these skills is one of the ways to reduce school dropout rates and to increase the skills and earning power of those who do not lean towards the academic arena. Most students graduate without actually obtaining a real tertiary education, and the good students also suffer because the intellectual discourse that is supposed to happen in classes never materializes. This is a truly unfortunate side effect of the governments drive to produce more graduates. Enrollment criteria into universities get lowered every year because of the competition to get students at all costs, so quality suffers even more. 1. 6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research covers only students from Universiti Industri Selangor ( UNISEL ) where the research was conducted to find out the results and point of views regarding the topic of research. Besides that, the research only covers students aged between 18 to 25 years old for oipinions and point of view on the matter of the topic. The research also covers only soe student from technical vocatioanal school. 1. 7 CONCLUSION This chapter gives brief explaination, definition on the background of the study where researcher aim to investigate the mportance of technical vocational institution and the affectiveness of having this kind of school in our country as well to support our country to become and industrilized country. This chapter also gives the background of the study and significance of the study. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 INTRODUCTION Literature review comprises of related literature which is definition of topic, a general overview, advantages and also types of technical vocational institution. In this chapter it shows the types of technical institution available. Besides that, the current importance is shown in the advantages as well as the implication of the topic. The variations of institution is also mentioned in this chapter to give clear view of the types of school available, thus emphasizing on the importance of this research. 2. 2 RELATED LITERATURE 2. 2. 1- Definition of technical and vocational institution. 2. 2. 2- Advantages of technical vocatioanal institution. 2. 2. 3- Types of technical vocational institution. 2. 2. 1 DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION Tecnique means a particular way of doing something, especially one in which you have to learn special skills. Besides that, it is the skill with which somebody is able to do something practical. ( Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 7 Ed, 2006). Institution on the hand is defined as a large important organization that has a particular purpose, for example, a university or school. In this case, institution is a place where it serves the need of educating technical skills as well as basic subjects to students. While cited in the web Wikipedia, vocational education or Vocational Education and Training (VET), also called Career and Technical Education (CTE), prepares learners for jobs that are based in manual or practical activities, traditionally non-academic and totally related to a specific trade, occupation or vocation, hence the term, in which the learner participates. It is sometimes referred to as technical education, as the learner directly develops expertise in a particular group of techniques or technology. 2. 2. 2 ADVANTAGES OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION. In this chapter, researcher will be emphasizing in the advantages of technical vocational institution. Nowadays,not everyone should be expected to take a path of going to University and getting a university degree. Therefore, having technical vocational institution is to ensure that students who are inclined towrd these sector ( technical vocational ) have a respectable channel to persue skills in this area which is to technical vocational scholls as well as institution. Besides that, having technical and vocational school is to reduce school dropout  rates and to increase the skills and earning power of those who do not learn toward academic area. These students will have quality hands on skills and is useful in providing them job opportunity in future especially in the techinical industry. Students also are abe to develop their skills as well make use of it in the current development. On the other hand, some student are able to study basic subjects and favoured skills as they want to. This increase the capability of learning and creats creatve individuals for the nation. Besides being a stepping stone, yhis hands on students in developng skill and providing job opportunity. Iit also produces active quality manpower in the country 2. 2. 3 TYPES OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Technical and vocational institution is diveded into two levels first is the upper secondary level (Form 4 and Form 5) is the level where technical and vocational education formally commences. Here, the technical and vocational schools offer the same core subjects as normal academic schools. These cover several core subjects for the languages, mathematics, and sciences but in addition the students are required to take selected technical and vocational subjects from a group of several different options. Secondary Technical Vocational School has 3 streams for selection which includes:Technical Stream, Vocational Stream and Skill Training Stream. Upon completing 2 years of studies at this level, the technical or vocational school students are required to sit for the common public examination called the Malaysia Certificate of Education or Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination similar to those academic school students from the secondary academic schools. However students from the Skill Training stream will sit for Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia* (Malaysian Skill Certificate) after which a government skill qualification is awarded for Level 1, 2, 3, 4 5. The higher level is Technical and Vocational Education at Post Secondary Level This post-secondary level of technical education, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Higher Education, comprises the following public institutions: Polytechnics, Community Colleges, Technical University Colleges and Public Universities. There are currently 19 polytechnics in the country conducting technical and vocational education offering 37 diploma and 26 certificate programmes covering study areas like engineering, commerce, food technology, marine, hospitality and Design. Community Colleges were first established by the government in the year 2000 with the primary objective of providing alternative skill training and education for secondary school leavers and those who have left the formal education system. In order to upgrade the image and professional level of technical and vocational education due to the increasing importance of employment in the industrial sectors, the government has, since 1999, set up 5 technical university colleges to focus on higher technical education offering engineering and related technical programmes designed to produce graduates with strong theoretical and cognitive knowledge and who possess high competency in application skills. They are:Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia ,Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn,Kolej Universiti Teknikal Kebangsaan Malaysia,Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Utara Malaysia and Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Teknologi Malaysia. There are currently a total of 17 public universities in the country which is inclusive of the abovementioned 5 technical university colleges. Besides the 5 specialist technical universities colleges, many of the regular public universities, particularly the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia offer many technical and technological as well as engineering programmes leading to diploma and degree qualifications. In the meantime, as for technician/sub-professional and craft-level courses, the government training agencies which are involved in conducting training for student trainees include the Ministry of Human Resources. These agencies carry out the programmes through Industrial Training Institutes, MARA, under the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development, through the Skills Training Institutes, the Ministry of Youth Sports through Youth Training Centres, and the Ministry of Welfare Services through its Training Centres. In addition, training is also conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture to produce Junior Agricultural Assistants at the Agricultural Institute. Mention must also be made of the training conducted by the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) in various specialised fields for the public and private sectors, as well as training by the National Productivity Centre for the public and private sectors in areas of management and administration. 2. 3 CONCLUSION This chapter gives explaination, definition, development as well as the importance of technical vocational institution. This chapter comprises of variety of institution available and its fuction as well it effect n education system. Besides that,his chapter involves the development of institution from establishment to the current development. The importance which is the advantages is clearly in this chapter to match the objective of the research. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1 INTRODUCTION This research attempts to investigate the importance of technical and vocational institution. This chapter outlines the methodologies engaged in the research. This chapter is extremely important as it determines the success or failure of this research whereby it takes into account of the methodology and procedure used by the researchers to get the necessary and wealthy information. 3. 2 RESEARCH DESIGN In this research, the researchers have chosen to use a qualitative approach in order to collect data. In this research, a set of questionnaires will be administered to a selected number of people. This step is necessary for the researchers to gather the necessary data and submit the findings in a form of report. The data or information obtained from the questionnaire administered will be interpreted in Chapter 4. 3. 3 POPULATION AND SAMPLES The sample of this research will mainly be university students specifically University Industri Selangor (UNISEL) students. The sample will be approximately 20 students. The students will comprise of both male and female students from all races. The subjects will be randomly picked comprising of students with different point of view. 3. 4 INSTRUMENTATION In this research, the instrumentation would be in the form questionnaire. The instrument is revised for its clarity and importance towards the research. The questionnaire will be given to each student. It aims to research on how to improve the technical and vocational education system and make it up to date as well as to research on the importance of this institution in education. Besides that, the questionnaire is to gain opinions and suggestions from the public. 3. 4. 1 QUESTIONNAIRE The student was given a set of questionnaire comprising of 8 closed-ended questions and 2 open-ended question. The questionnaire is used to save time as the result of the questionnaire is easy to be evaluated. The questionnaire is formed in respond of Yes or No answers. The students need to choose and tick or circle the options accordingly. 3. 5 DATA ANALYSIS This research will be analysed using the results of questionnaire carried out the with the university students. The data will then be analysed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) computer software that enables the researchers to do many types of statistical analyses. The percentage of questionnaire results will be analysed and calculated through this software. Then, the researchers will make references based on the statistical analyses. This allows the researchers to have a better quality of research outcomes. CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS 4. 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter will mention the results of questionnaire after they are analysed and calculated. The data collected is based on the qualitative approach. The data presented will include the total of 20 samples (students). The questionnaire will be further analysed according to 10 different questions given. 4. 2 QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS. In this section, the data with references to the topic of the research has been collected by distributing 20 set of questionnaires to the university students. The feedbacks and responses from the students have been positive for the researchers to draw a certain conclusion. 4. 2. 1 Q1 The first question in the questionnaire is â€Å"Are you aware of the existence of technical and vocational school? † The question’s objective is to find out whether students are aware of this kind of school’s existence. Based on the questionnaire results, the 20 students who took the survey comprises of 20 samples with different answers. The results is that almost 95% of the students answered yes, and are aware of the existence of this type of institution while 5% of the students were not aware of the existence of this type of institution. This shows that mostly Students are aware of the existence of this type of institution. 4. 2. 2 Q2 The second question in the questionnaire is â€Å"Is technical and vocational institution beneficial? † This question is aimed to find out the importance of this type of institution. Almost 85% of the students agreed that this type of school is beneficial. While 15% of the students did not agree that this institutions were beneficial. This result shows clearly that students in majority agreed that this institution is giving advantages while minority have doubts on its advantages. 4. 2. 3 Q3 The third question is â€Å"Does it helps develop skills? †This question is to determine whether the main medium in this school will help students develop skills. 90% of the response agreed that it develop skills while 10% of the responses found that attending this school does not help develop skills. 4. 2. 4 Q4 Q5 The fourth and fifth questions in the questionnaire are inter-related to each other. Question 4 â€Å"Is technical vocational education up to date? †60% of the students agreed that it was not up to date while only 40% agreed that it was up to date. Question 5 is â€Å"Is it efficient in training skills? † Only 39% agreed that it is efficient while 61% agreed that it was not efficient. This proves that the efficiency of its productivity has link with the current development of this type of institutions. . 4. 2. 5 Q6 Q7 The sixth question in the questionnaire and the seventh question is inter-related too. â€Å"Is it necessary to have vocational technical education system? The results was 90% agreed it is necessary while 10% agreed the other way around. Question seventh is â€Å"Do you think Malaysian vocational technical institution meets the current industrial need? † 40% think it meets the current industrial need while 60% disagree with it. This shows that in question sixths result that it is important to have this type of institution. 4. 2. 6 Q8 The eight question is â€Å"Does it help proving job opportunity in future? † this question aims to prove one of its advantages. 85% agreed that it helps providing job chances while 15% disagree it help in providing job opportunity. This shows that it is important to have this type of institution for students in our country. 4. 2. 7 Q9 Q10. The ninth and the final question in this questionnaire is an open-ended question which is â€Å"In your opinion, what benefit does technical vocational school provides? and â€Å"Suggestions on ways to improve vocational and technical education system†. This final question is to give the students a chance to express their idea or suggestion. Based on the suggestions given, most of the students feel that the main benefit is it develops in training students skills. Besides that, it also provides job opportunity to students and it gives student who are not academically successful an opportunity to excel in a different field of study. The suggestions given was more focused in upgrading the system, the facilities, the study tool, the learning environment as well as the materials in order for Malaysia to take a step forward in industrial development as well as vision 2020. 4. 3 SUMMARY Based on the data collected and using SPSS for the questionnaire, there are more advantages than the disadvantages of having this type of school. Besides that, the importance of technical vocational institution is that it is the current demand of the era that each country produces its own manpower and nation with good quality skills which is useful for the development of the country. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION SUGGESSTION 5. 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter incorporates the last aspect of the research which is the most important part of the research. The first section of the chapter will cover the survey of the findings which is based on the main findings. The second section is on implication and suggestion or recommendation. The third section is on the final summary or the conclusion of this survey. 5. 2 SURVEY OF FINDINGS Based on the main findings, it clearly shows that students mostly almost all the students are aware of the importance of the technical vocational institution. Besides that, in building an industrialized nation we have to be aware of the importance keeping and upgrading this type of school to its best level. In a nutshell, there are loads of advantages having and attending technical vocational school. 5. 3 IMPLICATION AND RECOMMENDATION According to the suggestions gathered through the survey, the students strongly agrees that the institution to be upgraded and improved both in its syllabus and also education system to provide conducive learning to take place. Besides that, the skills taught should be inclined with the industries upgrading demand. 5. 4 CONCLUSION In fulfilling the vision 2020, our country of all parties should upgrade its education system. Besides that, having technical and vocational skills is not just as a place for students who are not successful in academic but it should be an institution which produces good quality skilled professionals in future. It should also be a stepping stone for every student attending this school in obtaining better jobs in future. The importance of technical and vocational school is clearly aware by students. Therefore, this institution should be taken seriously into consideration by students as it provides extra knowledge as well as helps develop hands on skill in students. This institution has a great advantage in the industry especially in producing and moulding new generation with certified skills therefore each and every nation should support its development and existence. In a nutshell, everyone should play a major role in keeping the importance of this technical and vocational institution and also support its function in education to make it more efficient. REFERENCES http//:www. wikipedia. com http//:www. studymalaysia. com. my Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 7 Ed, 2006 RESEARCH: THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION NAME: Susanthi Rani Rajoo 4091008981 Noorfara Ashikin Ahmad Tarmizi 4091009991 Alyani Mohd Radzi 4091009561 Lisa Mastura Muhd Zahid Poh4073010421 GROUP: 1A SUBJECT: Philosophy and Development of Education Industry In Malaysia LECTURER: Mr Baghawi PROGRAMME: Bachelor Of Education (Hons)(TESL) FACULTY: Faculty Of Education and Language Studies.